{"id":1081,"date":"2018-10-10T15:00:01","date_gmt":"2018-10-10T14:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.economistes-arabes.org\/fr\/?p=1081"},"modified":"2018-10-29T15:11:29","modified_gmt":"2018-10-29T14:11:29","slug":"key-note-speech-foreign-debts-reforms-and-the-change-of-the-social-pact-in-the-arab-world-in-the-1980s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.economistes-arabes.org\/fr\/key-note-speech-foreign-debts-reforms-and-the-change-of-the-social-pact-in-the-arab-world-in-the-1980s\/","title":{"rendered":"Key note speech: Foreign debts, reforms and the change of the social pact in the Arab World in the 1980’s"},"content":{"rendered":"

The key note power points<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Foreign debts, reforms and the change of the social pact in the Arab World<\/strong><\/p>\n

Samir AITA<\/p>\n

Key note speech at Workshop<\/p>\n

The Making of the Washington Consensus in the Middle East and North Africa. Negotiating international assets, debts and power (1979-91)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The 1970\u2019s set the bases for major changes that reshaped later in the 1980\u2019s the relations between the Arab countries and with the rest of the world, as well as the proper structures of their State institutions and power systems. The Arab \u201csolidarity\u201d during the 1973 war led to immense wealth flows to the Gulf countries, Iraq and Libya transforming the regional equilibria, remodeling the States\u2019 functions, roles and \u201cideological trends\u201d.<\/p>\n

The Iranian \u201crevolution\u201d of 1979 may be considered a major trigger for these changes, as much as Egypt President Sadat visit to Israel a year earlier. The 1980\u2019s isolated Egypt, the most populated Arab country, from its other \u201cbrothers\u201d and drained Iraqi and Arab financial and human resources in the millions of victims\u2019 Iraqi-Iranian war, and to a lesser extent in the Lebanese civil war and the countering of the Israeli invasion.<\/p>\n

The generous financial grants from the Gulf countries to the low and middle-income were replaced by loans increasing foreign debts, or even by sanctions in the case of Syria which took the \u201cwrong\u201d Iranian side. But more importantly, the State institutions of the Arab countries slipped to be no more that which emerged from independence, aiming to bring education, health, electricity, public services to all its population, as well as equity as a general \u201cideological\u201d tendency. Instead, the model of State of the Gulf countries spread aiming mainly to divert financial resources to the consolidation of a strongly stabilized \u201cpower system\u201d ruled by a royal family or a President.<\/p>\n

This was obtained at the expense that the State became more vulnerable to external and internal shocks. The raise of foreign debt with little increase of a counterpart in public assets made the countries more vulnerable to strong variations in oil prices and to the world economic environment. The exceptionally stable political \u201cpower system\u201d broke the post-independence social pact and failed to reform to adjust with the more demanding \u201cyouth bulge\u201d. International financial institutions acted in a way aggravating this deadlock that only a major social explosion can bring change and reforms.<\/p>\n

7 Modulo Nota Spese English<\/a><\/p>\n

Programme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Wednesday 10th October, 2018
\nOpening Welcome: 15:00-15:30
\nFilippo Andreatta, Director of the Department of Political and Social Sciences
\nMassimiliano Trentin, Duccio Basosi, Mauro Campus, Research-Project Units Leaders
\nFirst Session: Debating the economics and politics of foreign debt in the Middle East and
\nNorth Africa, 15:30-17:00
\nDiscussant: Arrigo Pallotti, University of Bologna
\n\u2022 Alessandro Romagnoli, University of Bologna: The emergence of the debt crises in nineteen
\nseventies MENA economies: from a provisional trouble to a development model crash.
\n\u2022 Massimiliano Trentin, University of Bologna: Debating and framing the \u201cDebt problems of
\ndeveloping countries\u201d at the UNCTAD (1976-1991).
\nDiscussion
\nKeynote Speech, 17:00-18:30
\nSamir Aita, Cercle des economistes arabes: Foreign debts, reforms and the change of the social
\npact in the Arab World.
\nDiscussion
\nThursday 11th October, 2018
\nSecond Session: Case-Studies from Western-linked States, 9.30-11.00
\nDiscussant: Mauro Campus, University of Florence
\n\u2022 Adel A. Beshai, American University in Cairo: Egypt: A case study of a heavily indebted
\ncountry in the 1980’s which emerged a solvent one. How and Why?
\n\u2022 Erhan Dogan, Marmara University, Istanbul: From Import substitution to Export promotion:
\neconomic policies that governments developed to overcome the acute economic crises of
\nTurkey since 1960s.
\nDiscussion
\nALMA MATER STUDIORUM – UNIVERSIT\u00c0 DI BOLOGNA
\nSTRADA MAGGIORE 45 – 40125 BOLOGNA – ITALIA – TEL. +39 051 2092500 – FAX +39 051 239548
\nThird Session: Case-Studies from the Non-Aligned Movement in the Mediterranean, 11:30-
\n13:00
\nDiscussant: Duccio Basosi, Ca\u2019 Foscari University Venice
\n\u2022 Manon-Nour Tannous, Universit\u00e9 de Reims: La dette syrienne ou le pouvoir du d\u00e9biteur.
\n\u2022 Francesco Privitera, University of Bologna: Foreign debt as catalyist for crisis in
\nYugoslavia.
\nDiscussion
\nFourth Session: Exploring Algeria, 14:30-16:00
\nDiscussant: Corrado Tornimbeni, University of Bologna
\n\u2022 Siham Ch\u00e9rif, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Algiers 2: L\u2019endettement alg\u00e9rienne et la crise des ann\u00e9es 90.
\n\u2022 Francesco Saverio Leopardi, University of Bologna: Algeria and the Washington
\nConsensus: survey of a shifting relation.
\nDiscussion
\nFinal Remarks, 16:00-17:00
\nMassimiliano Trentin, Duccio Basosi, Mauro Campus<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t

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